Railway Requirements Analysis and Reservation Essay Example

Railroad: Requirements Analysis and Reservation Essay Railroad Reservation System Requirements Specification Table of Contents 1. Introduction3 1. 1Goals and Purpose3 1. 2Scope of Project3 1. 3Definiton Abbreviations4 1. 4 References 1. 5Overview4 2. By and large Description5 2. 1Product Perspective 2. 2 Product Function 2. 3 User Characteristics 2. 4 General Constraints 2. 5 Assumptions Dependencies 5 3. Explicit Requirement6 3. 1External Interface Requirement6 3. 1. 1 User Interface 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interface 3. 1. 3 Software Interface 3. 1. 4 Communication Interface 3. 2Functional Reqiuerment7 3. 3Performance Requirement8 3. 4Design Requirement 3. Traits 3. 6 Others Requiremnt 9 Requirement Specification Introduction The Railway Reservation System is an online application for helping client or railroad chief in overseeing reservation in a Railway Department. The framework would give essential arrangement of highlights to direct reservation or wiping out, train booking timing, look for accessible reservation, and oversee registration/ checkout forms. The accompanying report gives the key prerequisites determinations to the framework dependent on the client’s proclamation of need. Objectives and Purpose The Railway Reservation framework would have the accompanying key objectives: Provide a GUI for client to interface with the backend database Screens to reservation/wiping out database Screens to prepare plan Screens to look for a train/seats dependent on client driven boundaries Minimize the general time 2 Scope of Project The fundamental degree and expectations of the task would be: Easy, Fast and productive working Easy path for scratch-off and reservation of the tickets. Get definite data about trains, accessible seat, charges, and so forth. Quicker correspondence The key achievements and expectations of the undertaking would be as per the following: |Tasks |Deliverable |Due date | |Prepare definite client |User Requirements Specification |, 2008 | |requirements record | |Review the necessities and |Requirements Review Checklist | |update the prerequisites archive |Template. | |and acquire customer close down |Updated URS (Version 2. ) | |High Level Design of use |HLDD | |system | |Test Plan for application |Test Plan Document | |Detailed Design Document |Unit Design Document | |Prototype |Code GUI screens | |Test Cases and Report |Test report | |System Demo |Demonstration | 1. 3. Definition Abbreviations AARS: Automated Railway Reservation System 3 References Railway reservation site Google Books 1. 5 Overview The result of the necessities elicitation process is prerequisites report, which incorporate practical necessities, interface necessities, execution prerequisites, plan limitations, Preliminary Object-Oriented Domain Analysis, operation al situations and others necessities. By and large Description 1 Product Perspective We will compose a custom article test on Railway: Requirements Analysis and Reservation explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Railway: Requirements Analysis and Reservation explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Railway: Requirements Analysis and Reservation explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The Automated Railway Reservation System chart demonstrating the outline of the system’s modules and the relationship of the framework to outer interfaces is introduced in Figure 2. 1. [pic] Functions of System Components: Database: †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Stores information †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Creates reports †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Provides access to information †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Updates data Server: †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Provides access to the database †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Authenticates clients †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Processes reservations †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Performs reinforcements †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Produces reports External Interfaces: Terminal †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Users use terminals to get to the server †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Passengers and trip specialists use terminals to save the tickets and to get data about the accessible seats on specific trains. †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Railroad organization may utilize terminals to see the reports produced by the database programming. PCs †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Users (travelers, trip specialists, and railroad organization) may utilize PCs to acquire a remote access to the server and the booking database by means of the Internet. Mobile phones †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Server as a mode of getting to the server and the booking database. †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Passengers may utilize mobile phones and the most recent media transmission advances to get to the server and the booking database by means of Internet, or they may utilize PDAs to call trip specialists to ask about railroad and ticket data. PC Hardware and Peripheral Equipment to be utilized: †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â 32 workstations, which incorporate CPUs, screens, consoles, and mice †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Printers †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Network †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Terminals †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Cell telephones to test association with the server through remote access 2 Product Functions. The item fundamental capacity is to give usefulness to defeat the difficult which is looked by the current framework. This item helps any sort of client to realize every single thing with respect to reservation in any train. It additionally assists with giving data in regards to railroads by methods for telephone so work can done quick and in productive way. 3 User Characteristics The principle clients of the framework will be the travelers purchasing train tickets, the trip specialists that procedure bookings for travelers, and the CRM organization that get to the reports produced by the framework. The clients are not required to have information in the PC field. The graphical interface gives a simple method of utilizing the ARRS framework with least of preparing. 4 General Constraints. The Product is created utilizing Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0. The backend database for this SQL Server. The item is practiced with login office so explicit capacity is accessible to explicit clients . Under this equipment, programming and plan imperatives we consider. 2. 5 Assumptions and conditions The presumptions for the undertaking are: †¢Ã¢ â â â â â There are five classes of tickets as recorded underneath ?  ¦Ã¢ â â â â â Sleeping (delicate) compartment style mentors 4 traveler for each compartment ?  ¦Ã¢ â â â â â Sleeping (hard) compartment s tyle mentors 6 traveler for every compartment ?  ¦Ã¢ â â â â â Sitting (delicate) ordinary top of the line mentor ?  ¦Ã¢ â â â â â Sitting (hard) traveler class sofa ?  ¦Ã¢ â â â â â Standing (hard and delicate sitting mentors just) †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Reservation can be made as long as one month before a specific outing. †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Seats are doled out during reservation. †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Phone reservation includes tickets being bought inside 24 hours in the wake of reserving the spot. Something else, the booking will be dropped. †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â No reservations can be made 48 hours before the excursion. Or maybe, it will be done on an initially start things out serve premise starting there on. †¢ †¢Ã¢ â â â â â Passenger records will be given to conductors at each stop. 3. Outside Interface Requirement 3. 1. 1 User Interfaces User Interface assumes the most significant job for correspondence among client and programming item. The interface should introduce and secure data in a predictable design. 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interfaces ? Working System: Windows XP/ME ? Processor: Pentiumâ 3. 0 GHz ? Smash: 256 Mb ? Hard Drive: 10 GB 3. Programming Interfaces  ¬Ã¢ â â â â â â â â â â Database: SQL Server.            Application: Visual Basic 3. 2. Practical Requirements This rundown of Functional and non useful necessities which are relevant to the Railway Reservation System. This segment ought to depict a l ot of situations that outline, from the clients point of view, what will be experienced while using the framework under different circumstances. In the wide sense, a situation is basically a proposed explicit utilization of the framework. A lot of situations is spoken to below_: Use Case: Indian Railways accommodates booking ahead of time on all significant distance travel. The traveler looking for reservation of billet or seats should buy the tickets from Railway Reservation Offices . To make a development booking, the traveler is relied upon to fill in a recommended application shape and submit it to the reservation counter with the suitable sum. Timely bookings are made as long as 60 days ahead of time for all trains, for all classes elite of the day of takeoff of trains. An individual can book just up to six travelers on one demand structure gave all travelers are to a similar goal and for a similar train. Indian Railways wishes to build up a tagging and reservation framework. This must help advance booking of tickets, abrogation of tickets and change of class of a ticket. All these are dealt with by a Reservation Clerk. The framework will likewise have a web-interface where clients can enroll themselves and buy tickets on the web. They can pay either by utilizing their web based financial record or with charge card or by VPP. Reservations made over the web must be dropped over the counter. The framework will al

Volcanoes Essays (1161 words) - Volcanology, Lava Domes,

Volcanoes Presentation Volcanoes get their name from the Greek word Vulcano. To the antiquated Greeks, Vulcano was Hiera Hephaistouto the old Romans it was the home of the manufactures of Vulcan; to both Vulcano was the refuge of the divine force of fire (Bullard 1984). From that point forward the fantasies have all gone however the name Vulcano has stayed as the image for all volcanoes. A fountain of liquid magma is both the spot and opening from which liquid stone, strong stone or gas issues from a planetary inside (Scarth 1994). It is additionally characterized as the mountain or slope developed around the opening at the surface by a gathering of the launched out materials. Wellsprings of liquid stone beneath the outside of the earth is known as a magma store, magma being the term given to liquid or semi-liquid stone subterranean level. The magma heads out up to the surface from the magma supply through channels and rises at the surface through volcanic vents (Fig 1). In the event that the emission happens to be hazardous the magma is shot out from the vent as a thick haze of volcanic debris, bombs and different types of pyroclastic rock. At the point when the emission is non-hazardous, it is supposed to be unreserved and the magma issues from the spring of gushing lava as magma. In the accompanying passages the various kinds of volcanoes that are available on Earth will be taken a gander at and talked about. For example, the magma arches, calderas and shield volcanoes. Kinds of Volcanoes Magma Domes Fig 2: Schematic portrayal of the inward structure of an ordinary volcanic One kind of spring of gushing lava is the magma vault. These are framed by generally little, round masses of magma too thick to even think about flowing any significant stretch. Therefore on expulsion, the magma heaps finished and around its vent. The vault develops to a great extent by extension from inside. As it develops its external surface cools and solidifies, at that point breaks, spilling free pieces down its sides. In spite of the fact that they are significantly less normal than Cinder cones, it has been determined with honorable accuracy that 217 vaults have been shaped in the previous 10,000 years (Scarth 1994). The states of most Lava vaults are controlled by the manner in which they develop and cement. They develop from underneath when thick magma gushes the vent and afterward set from their external layers inwards. As the vault structures there is a contention between the upward-flooding, plastic mass and the strong, external shell of fragile stone, which forestall development. Incredible upsurges can conquer the quality of the external shell and cause its peak to blast open and discharge liquid material, while simultaneously gas is likewise discharged. The presence of an arch at last relies upon the interchange of upwelling, blast and hardening. The Novarupta Dome, which framed during the 1912 ejection of the Katmai Volcano in Alaska, estimated 800 feet across and 200 feet high. The inside structure of Novarupta demonstrated by the layering of magma fanning upward and outward from the middle shows that it developed to a great extent by extension from inside. Figure 3: The Novarupta Dome shaped during the 1912 emission of the Katma Volcano Soot Cones Figure 4: Schematic portrayal of the Internal structure of a run of the mill ash cone Soot cones are among the most widely recognized volcanic landforms found on the planet and are additionally the least difficult kind of well of lava. They are worked from particles and masses of solidified magma launched out from a solitary vent. As the gas-charged magma is blown brutally into the air, it breaks into little pieces that cement and fall as soot around the vent to shape an oval cone. Soot cones are generally created by Strombolian ejections. They usually develop in gatherings and are frequently found on gaps or in swarms, in both maritime conditions and mainland situations. Shield Volcano Shield volcanoes are developed of on the whole of liquid magma. A great many streams spills out every which way from a focal culmination vent, or gathering of vents. This assembles an expansive, tenderly slanting cone of level, domical shape, with a profile a lot of like that of a warrior's shield. They are developed gradually by the accumulation of thousands of profoundly liquid magma streams considered basalt magma that spread broadly over significant stretches, and afterward cool as slender, delicately plunging sheets. Magmas likewise generally emit from vents along breaks

Chances of Having Hereditary Bipolar Disorder

Chances of Having Hereditary Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Print The Chances of Having Hereditary Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 31, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Tara Moore/Getty Images If you have bipolar disorder and are considering having children, one of the questions you are probably asking yourself is whether you would pass your bipolar disorder on to a child. Is bipolar disorder hereditary? What is the role of genetics in bipolar disorder? Is Bipolar Disorder Hereditary? We have known for some time that bipolar disorder can run in families, and now, with genomic sequencing, we are learning about the possible role of genetic factors in the disorder. While the role of heredity is clear from family and twin studies, further research is needed. The overall lifetime risk of developing bipolar disorder is thought to be somewhere between 1 and 4 percent, depending on the definition, with the average age at diagnosis being 18. Lets look at what we know about family history and bipolar disorder, and then at what genetic specialists have discovered about the role of individual genes in both bipolar disorder and other mental health disorders. Family History of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is overall considered to be one of the most heritable of mental health disorders based on a review of family history charts. For example, here are data from a study which found a high family linkage with bipolar disorder: A child of one parent with bipolar disorder and one without has a 15 to 30 percent chance of having BP.If both parents have bipolar disorder, theres a 50 to 75 percent chance that a child of theirs will, too.If you already have one child with BP, there is a 15 to 25 percent chance that another of your children will also have it.If one identical twin has BP, theres about an 85 percent chance that the other one will as well. In three other studies, the chance of an identical twin also having bipolar disorder ranges from 38 to 43 percent with that of dizygotic (non-identical) twins being between 4.5 and 5.6 percent. Many other studies have found that bipolar disorder runs in families, though not all to this degree. Specific aspects of bipolar disorder also appear to run in families including the polarity of illness onset (mania vs depression,) frequency of episodes, the presence of psychosis, suicidality, rapid-cycling, associated alcohol use disorders, panic disorder, and the responsiveness (or lack thereof) to medications such as lithium and other drugs. The age of onset of bipolar disorder is often younger for those children who have parents or grandparents with a more severe bipolar disorder. Genetics vs. Environment and Bipolar Disorder When bipolar disorder runs in families it begs the question: Is the increase in risk related to genetics (specific gene combinations) or the environment? It appears that both mechanisms are probably at play and contribute to the causation of bipolar disorder. The Genetics of Bipolar Disorder Though it runs in families, it is harder to define specific genetic risk factors. Studies looking at the genetics of bipolar disorder have failed to find a single gene which is causative (for example, as is the case with cystic fibrosis.) Rather, it appears that there are several chromosomal regions with many genes (polygenic,) each of which has a small effect in raising the susceptibility to the disorder. Variants in genes such as ANK3, CACNA1C, NCAN, ODZ4 and are thought to increase susceptibility but explain only a very small percentage of the genetic risk. In addition, the majority of people with these at-risk alleles do not have bipolar disorder. Genetics and the Response to Bipolar Medications A separate issue that has been noted with our newer understanding of genetics is that genetics may play a role in how a person responds to medications for bipolar disorder. For example, those with two inactive copies of the CYP206 gene may be poor metabolizers of drugs such as risperidone and aripiprazole. As noted above, how much a person responds to drugs such as lithium may run in the family. Genetics of Bipolar Disorder and Other Mental Health Disorders In looking at genetic susceptibility, it has been noted that there is overlap between gene variations noted with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and depression. Should You Have Children If You Have Bipolar Disorder? Knowing that there is an increased risk of bipolar disorder in children of those with bipolar disorder, should parents with the disorder have children? This is a question that doesnt have a right or wrong answer. There are many medical conditions that may have a hereditary aspect. In addition, there is not a single gene or gene sequence that guarantees a child will develop bipolar disorder. Its important to note that nothing says that having a child who does develop a mental health disorder will not be a wonderfully fulfilling experience. Individuals must decide for themselves that is best for them and their family. Knowing you have a family history, however, can be very helpful in monitoring your child should she exhibits any signs or symptoms in order to recognize the condition before an episode of mania is occurring. The Bottom Line It seems clear that there is a genetic role in the development of bipolar disorder, but this role appears to be polygenic (controlled a little bit by many different genes) and very complex. In other words, there is not a single or even several gene variations that cause bipolar disorder, rather, a diverse combination of genes which may increase a persons susceptibility to developing bipolar disorder. A family history of the disorder is not a reason to put off becoming a parent. You may wish to learn about the red flags for bipolar disorder in children, and the different forms of the disorder.